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Title: Dataset on assessment of physical and chemical quality of groundwater in rural drinking water, west Azerbaijan Province in Iran Author(s): Majid Radfard, Hamed Soleimani, Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor, Hossein Faraji and Amir Hossein Mahvi Abstract: Analyzing the quality of drinking water and comparing it with standards, provides useful information regarding in the state of water supply and health protection to consumers. In the current research, the quality of drinking water in the cities of West Azerbaijan province has been investigated. In the current study, the results of drinking water analysis in 17 counties of West Azerbaijan province (except Urmia city), including 355 analyzes were conducted in 2016. The results were analyzed by SPSS software and compared with the national standard. Based on the analysis, the hardness of drinking water in the West Azerbaijan province ranged from 22 to 912?mg/L as calcium carbonate, and the average of the experiment was measured to be 136?±?327?mg/L as calcium carbonate. The TDS values in this study were 39–1710?mg/L, and on average 397.7?±?265.8?mg/L. Also, based on the analyzes performed in this study, the Fluoride concentration was from 0 to 3.45?mg/L, and on average 323.376?±?0.05?mg/L and the Nitrate concentration was 0–218?mg/L and on average 3.58?±?1.1?mg/L. |
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Title: The experimental data of investigating the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles technology under ultraviolet radiation (UV/ZnO) to remove Acid – 32 – Cyanine 5R from aqueous solutions Author(s): Abstract: The aim of this data was to evaluate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles plus ultraviolet radiation (UV/ZnO) technology to remove Acid – 32 – Cyanine 5R. The effect of optimal parameters including initial pH (5,10), contact time (2–20?min), initial dye concentration (0.5–2?mg/L), and zinc oxide dosage (0.1 and 0.2?g/L) was investigated. The data showed that under alkaline conditions (pH?=?10) and 0.2?g/L of ZnO nanoparticles, the maximum dye removal efficiency was observed under UV/ZnO process conditions. Furthermore, with the increase in Acid – 32 – Cyanine 5R dye concentration, the removal efficiency of the dye diminished, while with prolongation of the radiation time, the removal efficiency increased. In the presence of ultraviolet radiation, there is a need to longer time and higher radiation intensity for complete removal of the dye. However, in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles alone, around 5–10% of the dye is removed. The highest removal efficiency of Acid – 32 dye was through radiation by ultraviolet lamp 150?W at an initial dye concentration of 1?mg/L, in pH 5 and 10, respectively, at 98.5% and 99% respectively. On the other hand, through hybrid use of UV/ZnO, within a shorter time, complete removal (100%) is achieved. Generally, use of UV/ZnO process can be utilized as a suitable method for dye wastewaters treatment. |
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Title: Data on bioassay of toxicity reduction of treated textile wastewater by using nanophotocatalytic process by Daphnia magna Author(s): Marjan Ghanbarian, A.H. Mahvi and Maryam Ghanbarian Abstract: Practicability and possibility of photocatalytic degradation of Ro16 textile dye and the actual wastewater of textile were studied on pilot scale. The amount of reduction in solution toxicity was studied and assessed by the application of a bioassay using Daphnia magna. The solution toxicity at the beginning of the process has an increasing procedure and this is caused by the intermediate products that are produced during the photocatalytic process from the mother compounds, and are more toxic compared to them, and their toxicity declines at the end of the process with the completion of mineralization. The procedure of toxicity increase and its decrease in the course of photocatalytic process has a direct relation with the amount of mineralization. |
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Title: Data on heavy metal concentration in common carp fish consumed in Shiraz, Iran Author(s): Abstract: Food contamination by heavy metals can lead to the accumulation of these elements in the body of consumers and the contraction of diseases. Accordingly, heavy metal concentration in common carp fishes consumed in Shiraz, Iran was determined in the present study. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu were 0.23, 0.07, 0.47, and 0.59?mg/kg (dry weight), respectively. The average concentration of heavy metals in the muscle of common carps consumed in Shiraz was less than the permissible standard of the WHO and FAO. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) of the studied metals was below the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The maximum and minimum relative risk (RR) equaled 48.93 and 0.55% of the total risk for Cd and Zn, respectively. |
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Title: Production and application of a treated bentonite–chitosan composite for the efficient removal of humic acid from aqueous solution Author(s): Abstract: Humic acids have a significant undesirable influence on drinking water quality. In this study, we utilized a physically and chemically treated bentonite–chitosan composite (TBCH) for the removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, humic acid concentration and contact time on the adsorption effectiveness of humic acid by TBCH. Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics have been also studied. An optimum condition for humic acid uptake was achieved at pH 4, 1.4 g/L adsorbent dosage, 40 mg/L humic acid concentration, and 115 min contact time. This study showed that modified bentonite and chitosan composite (TBCH) was a promising adsorbent for the removal of humic acid from aqueous solutions due to its significant removal efficiency, natural abundance and low cost; it may be an alternative to more costly available materials. |
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Title: Enhancement of Reactive Red 198 dye photocatalytic degradation using physical mixtures of ZnO-graphene nanocomposite and TiO2 nanoparticles: an optimized study by response surface methodology Author(s): Abstract: The photo catalytic activity of ZnO-graphene (ZnO-G) nanocomposite and TiO2 nanoparticles physical mixtures for the enhanced degradation of reactive red dye 198 (RR198) under UVC light was evaluated and established. The photo catalytic results revealed that the RR198 was degraded at around 34.4% and 37.7% after 180 min of irradiation, respectively, in the presence of ZnO-G nanocomposite and TiO2 nanoparticles, solely. Interestingly, physical mixtures of both catalysts induced an enhanced catalytic activity comparing to the bare ones. The ideal mixing ratio was found to be 66:34 wt% (ZnO-G:TiO2) with 71.8% degradation performance after 180 min of irradiation. Moreover, the response surface methodology using the best mixture was employed to optimize and determine the interaction effects between three independent operational parameters which are photo catalyst dosage (0.4 – 0.025 mg), initial pH (3–11), and initial dye concentration (5 – 15 mg/L). Based on the results obtained, it was found that a maximum predicted degradation efficiency of RR 198 reached 99% was in agreement with the average of three experimental values (96%) under the following optimal conditions: 0.4 g mixture dose, initial pH of 3.8, and 5 mg/L initial dye concentration. This convergence between the predicted and experimental results indicates the validity of the model for predicting the maximum percentage degradation of RR198 under the above-mentioned optimum conditions. The ANOVA result indicated that the model is significant with the P value of 8.683 × 10–10 is less than 0.0001, which implies that the model terms are highly significant. Regression analysis with an R² value of 0.986 indicated a satisfactory correlation between the experimental data and predicted values. Additionally, non-toxic metabolites with respect to Daphnia Magna and high total organic carbon reduction after treatment with the mixture evidenced that this process can significantly decrease toxicity and mineralize the dye. Finally, the universal degradation ability of the photo catalysts mixture was evaluated and proven towards many model substrates. |
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Title: Comparative investigation of argon and argon/oxygen plasma performance for Perchloroethylene (PCE) removal from aqueous solution: optimization and kinetic study Author(s): Mostafa Karimaei, Babak Shokri, Mohammad Reza Khani, Kamyar Yaghmaeian, Alireza Mesdaghinia, Ramin Nabizadeh, Amir Hossein Mahvi and Shahrokh Nazmara Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study is evaluation of the perchloroethylene degradation from aqueous solutions by non-thermal plasma produced in dielectric barrier discharge reactor in two different scenarios: first plasma generated with 225 cc/min mixture of oxygen and argon flow (12% gas ratio of O2/Ar), and in the second scenario plasma generated with 225 cc/min of pure argon gas. Methods: Design studies were performed using response surface methodology and central composite design. All experiments with the selected levels of independent parameters including the initial concentration of perchloroethylene (5-100 mg/L), voltage (20-5 kv) and contact time (15-180 s) was implemented, and 29 tests were proposed by using response surface methodology and central composite design was performed in two experimental scenarios. Results: Results showed that the Pseudo first-order kinetics coefficient of perchloroethylene degradation in the mixture of oxygen and argon and pure argon scenario under the optimum conditions were 0.024 and 0.016 S?¹ respectively. Results conveyed that in order to achieve the highest removal efficiency (100%), the values of contact time, perchloroethylene concentration and voltage variables were predicted 169.55 s, 74.3 mg/l, 18.86 kv respectively in mixture of oxygen and argon scenario and also were predicted 203 s, 85.22 mg/l, 20.39 kv respectively in pure argon scenario. Conclusions: In the recent study dielectric barrier discharge was an efficient method for perchloroethylene removal with both oxygen an argon mixture and pure argon as input gas. Both input voltage and reaction time has positive effect on perchloroethylene removal; but initial perchloroethylene concentration has negative effect on perchloroethylene removal. Comparison of two plasma scenarios with different input gas shown that plasma generated by mixture of oxygen and argon gas was more powerful and had higher removal efficiency and degradation kinetics than the plasma generated by pure argon gas.
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Title: Setting research priorities to achieve long-term health targets in Iran. Author(s): Mansoori P, Majdzadeh R, Abdi Z, Rudan I, Chan KY; Iranian CHNRI Health Research Priority Setting Group, Aarabi M, Ahmadnezhad E, Ahmadnia S, Akhondzadeh S, Azin A, Azizi F, Dehnavieh R, Eini-Zinab H, Farzadfar F, Farzaei MH, Ghanei M, Haghdoost A, Hantoushzadeh S, Heydari G, Joulaei H, Kalantari N, Kelishadi R, Khosravi A, Larijani B, Mahvi AH, Bavani ARM, Mesdaghinia A, Mokri A, Montazeri A, Mostafavi E, Motevalian SA, Naddafi K, Nikfar S, Nojoumi SA, Noroozian M, Olyaeemanesh A, Omidvar N, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Pourmalek F, Rahimi R, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rashidian A, Razaghi E, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Zalani GS, Soori H, Tabrizi JS, Vedadhir A, Yazdizadeh B, Yunesian M, Zare M. Abstract: Background: In 2015, it was estimated that the burden of disease in Iran comprised of 19 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 74% of which were due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The observed leading causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (41.9%), neoplasms (14.9%), and road traffic injuries (7.4%). Even so, the health research investment in Iran continues to remain limited. This study aims to identify national health research priorities in Iran for the next five years to assist the efficient use of resources towards achieving the long-term health targets. |
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Title: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and autism spectrum disorder in children: A case-control study in Tehran, Iran Author(s): Yousefian F, Mahvi AH, Yunesian M, Hassanvand MS, Kashani H and Amini H Abstract: Some recent human and animal studies have suggested that air pollution may affect the central nervous system and contribute to neurodevelopmental outcomes, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and increased odds of ASD among 2 to 10-year-old children. We conducted a case-control study in Tehran, Iran. Cases were 134 children born between 2004 and 2012 diagnosed with ASD whose mothers were resident in Tehran during their pregnancy, and controls were 388 children without ASD randomly selected from public schools and kindergartens. Land-use regression models were used to estimate their annual mean exposure to ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10?μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene (BTEX), and total BTEX. Logistic regression was used for the analyses and adjusted for possible confounding variables. The odds ratios per 1 unit increase in pollutants in the adjusted models were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.01) for PM10, 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.00) for SO2, 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) for benzene, 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) for toluene, 0.95 (0.79, 1.16) for ethylbenzene, 1.00 (0.78, 1.27) for p-xylene, 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) for o-xylene, 1.01 (0.92, 1.12) for m-xylene, and 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) for total BTEX. We did not find the evidence of association between estimated annual mean exposure to abovementioned ambient air pollutants and increased odds of ASD in children. However, our findings might be due to some important limitations. Further research with better control of confounding variables, improved spatiotemporal exposure estimates, and inclusion of other important markers of air pollution is recommended. |
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Title: Evaluation of a moving bed biofilm reactor for simultaneous atrazine, carbon and nutrients removal from aquatic environments: Modeling and optimization Author(s): Abstract: The present study examined a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) bioreactor on a laboratory scale for simultaneous removal of atrazine, organic carbon, and nutrients from wastewater. The maximum removal efficiency of atrazine, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were 83.57%, 90.36%, 90.74% and 87.93 respectively. Increasing salinity up to 40 g/L NaCl in influent flow could inhibit atrazine biodegradation process strongly in the MBBR reactor.Results showed that MBBR is so suitable process for efficiently biodegrading of atrazine and nitrogen removal process was based on the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) process. |
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Title: Removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using modified activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste (Populous caspica): Optimization, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies Author(s): Abstract: Activated carbon was successfully prepared from Populous caspica wood by a thermochemical reduction method and modified by grafting amine groups. In the batch tests, pH, initial phosphate concentration, reaction time, and adsorbent dose were evaluated to remove phosphate (PO43–) from the aqueous phase. The response surface method was chosen to study the composition effect of independent input factors and one dependent output response (removal efficiency). The p-value (2.2 × 10?¹?), F-value (116.6), R² (multiple: 0.9774, adjusted: 0.97), and lack of fit (0.167) indicated that the reduced quadratic model is highly significant for the phosphate removal using aminated activated carbon. The maximum efficiency removal of phosphate (92.76%) was obtained at pH, initial phosphate concentrations, contact time, and adsorbent dose of 3, 10 mg L–1, 60 min, and 90 mg L–1, respectively. The adsorption data fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Therefore, the intraparticle diffusion was the dominant adsorption mechanism but it was not the sole rate controlling step. In addition, regeneration process with five repetitions of regeneration cycles showed high desorption efficiencies and slight loss of spent adsorbent initial adsorption capacity. Thus, the results recommended that modified activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste (P. caspica) could properly remove phosphate from aqueous solution. |
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Title: Monitoring of Element Changes During in-Vessel Composting for Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Oily Acidic Sludge Author(s): Abstract: Background: Oily acidic sludge (OAS) from re-re?neries has a high concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), elements,and heavy metals.Objectives: This research investigated the monitoring of elements during in-vessel composting of OAS with urban immature com-post Methods: This experimental study was conducted as a batch mode in a plastic container (500 mL). The ratios of OAS to compost were 1:0 (as control), 1:5 to 100 (as dry basis) at a C:N:P ratio of 100:5:1, and with 45% - 65% moisture content for 70 days. The elementsZn, Cu, Fe, Mo, B, Mn, Al, Pb, Cr, Sn, Ni, Li, V, As, Cd, Co, and Hg were monitored every week.Results: The highest and lowest total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removals were observed in mixing ratios of 1:5 (71.6%) and 1:100(48.6%), respectively. The amount of Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, and B in OAS was very high. Element analyses after mixing OAS with immature compost showed that the initial concentrations of the elements had decreased. ANOVA test results showed that the changes in time were not e?ective on the average concentrations of elements (P = 0.99). Conclusions: According to the obtained results, the mixing ratio of 10:1 can be selected as the preferred choice for removing TPH and reduce elements’ concentrations. |
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Title: Investigation on Moringa oleifera extracts function to reduce microbial load in water treatment Author(s): Abstract: Reduction of raw water microbial load during water treatment process has important advantages such as decreasing algal and microbial growth in the water treatment plant, control of bacterial toxins leaching in water, and decreasing the amount of disinfectant usage. Application of ferric and other metallic coagulants for water coagulation has some disadvantages, therefore the natural coagulants may be compatible with these. In this study, the efficiency of natural coagulant extracted from Moringa oleifera seed was compared with FeCl3 as a metallic coagulant in reduction of microbial load during water treatment process. Both, M. oleifera extract and FeCl3 were applied in dosage of 1.5 up to 4 mg/L and then, microbial load, total and fecal coliforms and Clostridium perfringens were measured before and after coagulants application. The results did not show any significant differences between M. oleifera extract and FeCl3 efficiency in reduction of fecal and total coliforms. But, M. oleifera extract was more efficient than FeCl3 in removal of C. perfringens’ spores significantly. It may be due to adsorption of spores on polypeptide structure of M. oleifera extract. Furthermore, there isn’t any risk of disinfection by-products’ formation such as trihalomethanes by well purification of M. oleifera extract before usage. |
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Title: Nanocomposite adsorbent based on β-cyclodextrin-PVP-clay for the removal of naproxen from aqueous solution: Fixed-bed column and modeling studies Author(s): Abstract: The study of dynamics in the fixed bed column was performed using nanocomposites fabricated based on cloisite 15A, PVP and β-cyclodextrin ([email protected]) as an adsorbent for removal of naproxen from aqueous solutions. Chemically modified nano-clay was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of different parameters of the column as well as flow rate, influent naproxen concentration and bed height were investigated to determine the adsorption characteristics by this adsorbent. Three mathematical models (bed depth service time (BDST), Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Clark) were applied for experimental data in order to predict the breakthrough curve and determine the optimal parameters of the bed. Thomas model showed that the value of maximum solid-phase concentration decreased when the flow rate and the bed height increased but increased with increasing initial naproxen concentration. The BDST model showed that the rate constant decreased when both the bed heights and the initial concentration increased, but increased with the increase in flow rate. The value of Thomas kinetic rate constant increased with higher flow rate but decreased with increasing initial concentration and the height of the bed. The rate constant Yoon–Nelson model (KYN ) increased with both increasing flow rate and initial concentration but decreased with increasing bed height. Also, Clark model (R² = 0.9646 to 0.997) is good predicts for the breakthrough curve of naproxen adsorption process, meanwhile, the behavior of this system was simulated as a Freundlich adsorption. The value of the volumetric sorption capacity of the bed increased with increasing flow rate, initial concentration and bed height. The characteristic parameters of the relevant models for the process of designing columns were obtained using their linear and nonlinear regressions. The analysis of the error of experimental and calculated data demonstrated that all models were similar for describing the adsorption process across all adsorption conditions within the analyzed range. |
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Title: High Concentration of Fluoride Can Be Increased Risk of Abortion Author(s): Moghaddam VK, Yousefi M, Khosravi A, Yaseri M, Mahvi AH, Hadei M, Mohammadi AA, Robati Z, Mokammel A Abstract: he presence of fluoride in drinking water can be either beneficial or harmful for human health, depending on its concentration. Most adverse effects of fluoride are observed at high concentrations (above 1.5 mg/L). This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of fluoride concentrations in drinking water on spontaneous abortion in two regions: one with low fluoride concentration and another with high fluoride concentration. The results showed that there is a relationship between the concentration of fluoride in drinking water and abortion, so that the risk of abortion increased at high concentrations of fluoride. However, further studies are needed to clarify this relationship due to the small area and population in this study. |
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Title: Association of Hypertension, Body Mass Index, and Waist Circumference with Fluoride Intake; Water Drinking in Residents of Fluoride Endemic Areas, Iran Author(s): , Abstract: Hypertension is becoming a global epidemic for both rural and urban populations; it is a major public health challenge in Iran. Fluoride can be a risk factor for hypertension. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in two study areas to assess the relation of fluoride with blood pressure prevalence, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) among different age groups in both sexes. The mean value of fluoride concentration in the drinking water from the four study villages varied from 0.68 to 10.30 mg/L. The overall prevalence of HTN and prehypertension in all subjects was 40.7%. The prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension, isolated diastolic hypertension, systolic-diastolic hypertension, and prehypertension in the total sample population was 1.15, 0.28, 9.53, and 29.76%, respectively. The odd ratio of hypertension in residents who drank water with high fluoride levels was higher than that in residents who drank water with lower level of fluoride (OR 2.3, 1.03–5.14). Logistic regression results showed that age (P < 0.001), sex (P = 0.018), BMI (P = 0.015), and the fluoride level in drinking water (P = 0.041) had a significant relationship with increased blood pressure. There were no statistically significant correlations between fluoride and BMI, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio (WHR). The findings of this study are important for health care personnel and policymakers |
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Title: Freezing process – A new approach for nitrate removal from drinking water Author(s): , Abstract: The aim of data was to evaluate the ef?ciency of chitosan extracted from shrimp waste for Arsenic adsorption and optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The data showed that, with increasing contact time, the amount of adsorption increased and the optimal contact time was about 60 min. With increasing pH decreased adsorption, although this reduction was not signi?cant. The optimum pH was obtained at 4.41. The average amount of adsorbent capacity was also about 1.3mg/g. Overall, chitosan extracted from shrimp waste could be considered as an ef?cient material for the adsorption of Arsenic from aqueous solution. |
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Title: The effect of a calcium pre-rinse on the salivary and plaque fluoride and calcium concentrations after a 900 ppm naf rinse: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial Author(s): , Abstract: The amount of available calcium delivered to plaque is dependent on the use of calcium compounds. This study assessed the salivary and plaque concentrations of the fluoride ion [F] and the calcium ion [Ca] after the use of a calcium pre-rinse. Thirty subjects completed this double-blind crossover trial in a dormitory in Zahedan, Iran. The subjects were recruited using a table of random numbers. After prophylaxis and two weeks of oral hygiene practices using non-fluoride products, 15 subjects, chosen randomly, rinsed with calcium placebo/sodium fluoride and the other 15 subjects rinsed with calcium lactate/sodium fluoride. One and 12 hours later, salivary and plaque samples were collected. After another prophylaxis and the elapse of a further two weeks, with the previous conditions of oral hygiene using non-fluoride products, the participants rinsed with the treatment that they had not previously used. After 1 and 12 hours, sampling was again done. The [F] and [Ca] were analyzed using a fluoride electrode and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 5%. The 1 and 12 hour salivary [F] were significantly higher after the calcium and fluoride rinses (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in the plaque [F] between the two rinse treatments (p>0.05). A significant difference was detected in the plaque [F] when comparing the values obtained at different times with each treatment (p<0.001). With respect to the salivary and plaque [Ca], there was no significant difference in the values obtained at the different times for each treatment, regardless of whether the rinse was with calcium or calcium placebo (p>0.05). The salivary [F] increased with the calcium and fluoride rinsing. Our attempts to increase the salivary [Ca] and plaque [F] and [Ca], by using a calcium pre-rinse met with no success. |
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Title: Dataset on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Biomedical waste management among Tehran hospitals healthcare Personnel Author(s): Abstract: The data of this research was the investigation of knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedical waste management among healthcare staff and performed in some general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. In this descriptive data, 162 participants were chosen according to stratified sampling method and a self-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Also, Kruskal-wallis test, Mann -Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data in R software, version 3.4.4. The weighted mean of data showed that the knowledge level in staff is "Low" and their activity level is "Moderate". Also, the data of the statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between male and female health care personnel in knowledge, attitude and practices. However, the results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there was no significant difference between the views of hospital staff in occupational and educational groups about knowledge and attitude and their relationship with the history of passing the health course, while the difference in practices level was significant (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the relation between attitude and practices level of participants with different work experience were not significant. |
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Title: Dataset on investigating an optimal household waste management in GIS environment and quantitative and qualitative analysis in Bumehen city, Tehran, Iran Author(s): Abstract: The present data was carried out based on macro policies of the municipality in order to optimize the waste collection and transportation system in the city of Bumehen. The data of this research, the average weights, time taken for collection and transportation of municipal solid waste (MSW) was measured and each of these criteria was calculated and evaluated from environmental and time perspectives under the current management system. Then, data collection, identification of the general characteristics of the region and the type of waste management were conducted using field studies and GIS software was later used to generate maps of classes, route type, per capita waste generation. In the next steps and based on information such as density, population, waste generation capacity, available routes and existing route types, number, type and capacity of tanks, the site of temporary transfer stations was determined and the appropriate routes were designed for the garbage trucks. The data showed that distance from urban space, as a physical criterion, and noise pollution, as an environmental criterion, in the selection of urban waste transfer station of a relative weight of 0.594 is the most important indicator for the construction of a waste transfer station. Also, the qualitative analysis of the dry wastes of the city of Bumehen showed that plastics, cardboard and paper were 8.6%, 8.6% and 8.3% respectively, of the highest amount of waste the city Bumehen formed. |
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Title: Dataset on comparing the corrosion indices of alum and ferric chloride coagulants with phosphate dose elevation Author(s): Abstract: The aim of this data was to assess and compare the corrosion indices of alum and ferric chloride coagulants in conventional coagulation process of water with elevation of phosphate dose. After preparing synthetic water samples, jar experiments were performed with elevation of different phosphate doses using alum and ferric chloride coagulants. Then, corrosion indices of Ryznar and Langelier of water samples were calculated. The results indicated that the values of Ryznar and Langelier index in the experimental samples were 7 and less than zero, and the water conditions were under saturated. The corrosion and precipitation indices indicated that the water samples can be considered as corrosive waters. |
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Title: Data on investigating the quantitative and qualitative status of effluent in a petrochemical complex in Iran Author(s): , Abstract: The aim of this data was investigating the quantity and quality of the produced effluent by different petrochemical industry units in Iran and comparison of effluent with the present standards. In the present data, 5 effluent channel of the complex with interval of 12 h (in two shifts) were sampled and 28 physical and chemical parameters were analyzed according to the standard methods. These parameters are pH, Temperature, DO, Conductivity, Color, TDS, TSS, TP, PO43-, Oil, BOD5, COD, Turbidity, TKN, Fe, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, Si4+, CO32-, HCO3, NO2-, NO3-, NH3, Na, K+, Mn2+. Then, the average of each parameter was obtained for each channel, and finally, values of these parameters were compared with the standard set by Iranian Environmental Protection Agency for discharge to surface water resources. Gathered Data showed that many of these parameters, including Oil, BOD5, COD, Turbidity, PO43-, SO42-, TSS, in effluent of industrials are higher than the permitted amount. Therefore, regarding discharge of the to the surface water (seawater) and in accordance with Environment Protection Agency standards for effluent disposal, it should be purified to about 90% prior to discharge. Due to high concentration of solutes in petrochemical wastewater, it is not possible to use it for agricultural purpose. In this data, due to ethical considerations, we did not mention the name of petrochemical complex. |
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Title: Data on emerging sulfur dioxide in the emission of natural gas heater in winter Author(s): , , , Abstract: Natural gas is a kind of fuel that is used in various heating systems for combustion processes. Combustion of natural gas produce such air pollutants as CO2, NOx, SOx, PM, CO, and HC. During cold days, total gas consumption in Iran goes up. Thus, in these days it is likely to make some changes in gas properties that can affect the emissions from gas heaters. Portable flue gas analyzer (LANCOM III) was used for, SO2, NOX, and CXHY measurement from December 2012 to April 2013. Data show that emissions of pollutants from the gas heater were different during the cold seasons. On colder days, total gas consumption in the country increased, SO2 emerged in heater stack, and the concentration of hydrocarbons (CXHY) significantly increased as well. This emergence could be attributed to the changes in gas properties in the colder days. In these days, the transient flow and high changes of speed and pressure in the gas pipes could lead to release of some deposited sulfur in gas flow. Therefore, sulfur dioxide will be generated in the combustion process. |
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Title: Monitoring of microcystin-LR concentration in water reservoir Author(s): , , , , Abstract: Microcystins (MCs) are a group of cyanotoxins with hepatotoxic effects and can induce liver cancer. Among them, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic with 1 µg/L guideline value for potable waters. Therefore, it is very important to develop analytical methods for the detection and monitoring of MC-LR concentrations in raw water sources for public health protection. For this purpose, water samples were taken from a dam in south of Iran in a period of 2 years. MC-LR was extracted from samples by solid-phase extraction method using a C18 cartridge and then measured by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography after calibration by standard solutions. Total phosphorous concentration and water temperature were measured for determination of environmental conditions in each season. Maximal and minimal concentrations of MC-LR were observed in early autumn (6.2 µg/L) and late winter (0.4 µg/L), respectively. MC-LR existed at all times in water source because of its resistance to natural physiochemical degradation and biodegradation. Thus, raw water source management is necessary to prevent MC-LR secretion for public health protection. |
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Title: Estimation of landfill gas generation in a municipal solid waste disposal site by LandGEM mathematical model Author(s): , , , Abstract: Anaerobic decomposition of organic compounds in landfills is responsible for generation of greenhouse gases. The present study aimed to determine the total gas and methane emission from a landfill located in Hamedan (west of Iran) from 2011 to 2030. LandGEM 3.02 model was used to estimate the gas emission with the volumetric methane percent of 60%, production potential of 107, and methane generation rate of 0.2. Spatial distribution of annual methane and total landfill gas emission rate in the study area at three decades were provided through ArcGIS software. The results showed that organic and food wastes had the maximum amounts in the solid waste stream (over 75%). The results showed that 4.371×10? m³ methane would be produced after 20 years, mostly (4.053×10?m³) in the first year. In addition, methane production capacity in Hamedan landfill site was 10? m³/Mg. According to the results, the maximum and minimum gas generation rates are in summer (the hottest season) and winter (the coldest season) respectively. The results of the LandGEM model represented that the total gas and methane generation rates will be significant in the first 10 years. The potential of rapidly degradable organic compounds for gas emission will be higher than that of slowly degradable organic compounds. The results obtained in the present study can be beneficially used in planning for energy production and other applications in landfill sites. |
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Title: Catalytic ozonation of high concentrations of catechol over TiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic core-shell nanocatalyst: Optimization, toxicity and degradation pathway studies Author(s): , , Abstract: TiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic core-shell nanocomposite was coupled with ozone for catalytic ozonation of catechol in a batch environment. The catalyst features were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, VSM and TEM techniques. The effect of several operating parameters including solution pH, catalyst loading, initial catechol concentrations and scavengers was assessed in parallel with a single ozonation process (SOP). Possible mechanism, intermediates identification and pathway of degradation were also performed. In all experiments, catalytic ozonation showed better performance, compared to SOP in the degradation and mineralization of catechol. The experimental data were in good agreement with pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Over 99% of catechol were removed by TiO2@Fe3O4/O3 system under optimum conditions within 60min reaction and the mineralization degree was obtained >91%. The entire degradation of 50, 100 and 250mg/L concentrations was obtained within 30min treatment by TiO2@Fe3O4/O3. The bioassay and biodegradability tests indicated that the organic matters were removed effectively by TiO2@Fe3O4/O3 process and the biodegradability indices was improved as well. Particularly, hydroxyl radicals were dominant species during catechol degradation in the catalytic ozonation process. After ten consecutive use cycles, the degradation efficiency was reduced slightly (<5.0%) and reach 94.12% in tenth cycle over 60min reaction. As compared to SOP, a significant synergistic effect was observed between ozone and TiO2@Fe3O4. Overall, application of TiO2@Fe3O4 in catalytic ozonation can be introduced as a successful and promising method for wastewaters treatment containing high concentrations of catechol, because of the simple and easy recovery of catalyst and excellent catalytic activity. |
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Title: Data on using macro invertebrates to investigate the biological integrity of permanent streams located in a semi-arid region Author(s): , , , Abstract: The aquatic ecosystems are continuously endangered due to variety of hazardous chemicals containing different toxic agents which can be emitted from anthropogenic sources. Besides the increasing of human population, various kinds of contaminants enter into the surface water resources. The aim of the present study was to investigate the abundance and diversity of macro invertebrates in two permanent streams located in the northern part of Tehran. The biological integrity of the streams was determined by manual sampling approach at five points. The distances between the sampling points were at least 2 km. The bio indicator organisms, organic pollution, and dissolved oxygen were measured. The different types of benthic invertebrates such as riffle beetle, midge and caddish fly larvae, dragon fly, may fly and stone fly nymph, riffle beetle adult, pyralid caterpillar, leech, and pouch snail were identified. It can be concluded that, the identified benthic macro invertebrates can be served as appropriate biological indicator in the studied area. |
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Title: Data on fluoride concentration in drinking water resources in Iran: A case study of Fars province; Larestan region Author(s): Abstract: Fluoride is a natural element among minerals, geochemical sediments and natural water systems which is entered to body chain by drinking water. Groundwater is the main and the best source of drinking water in southern areas of Iran especially in the cities of Lar and Gerash (Fars province). So due to the health significance fluoride including dental and skeletal fluorosis, fertility, abortion and thyroid diseases, etc., measuring has high importance in the water resources of this region of Iran. Fluoride concentration was 0.35-3.46 mg/L and 78.26% drinking water sources contains fluoride concentration above the WHO guideline. |
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Title: The data on the dispersion modeling of traffic-related PM 10 and CO emissions using CALINE3; A case study in Tehran, Iran Author(s): , , , Abstract: CALINE3 model predicts the dispersion of pollutants released from roadways in the receptor places at a certain radius from the source. This model was used to evaluate the dispersion of particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) and carbon monoxide (CO) emitted from Yadegar-e- Emam Expressway (YEE) as one of the most congested highways in Tehran. The hourly concentrations of PM10 and CO, and the count and speed of vehicles were obtained from Tehrans Air Quality Control Company (TAQCC). Wind speed and direction, the height of mixing zone, air temperature, relative humidity, and stability class were acquired from IRAN Meteorological Organization (IRIMO). The emission factors (EF) of vehicles were acquired from those proposed for UK. The dispersion of PM10 and CO was predicted over the nearby area, and the modeled concentrations were estimated for a specific point, where an air quality monitoring station was working. The major portion of PM10 and CO released by vehicles in YEE was dispersed to the east. The comparison between the modeled and measured concentrations revealed that CALINE3 underestimates the concentrations of PM10 and CO by about 50%. |
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Title: Data on the level of haloacetic acids in indoor swimming pools of Iran: A case study of Tehran Author(s): , Abstract: Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the second most prevalent class of DBPs after trihalomethanes (THMs) in water disinfected by chlorine compounds. Within this study, we present new data on occurrence and speciation of HAA levels in 15 indoor swimming pools in Tehran in 2017. Five HAAs (HAA5), including monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid were analyzed. Levels of pH, total chlorine, and total organic carbon concentration were analyzed as well. Results indicated that the levels of HAA5 in swimming pools in the Tehran ranged from 148 to 3488 µg/L, with an average of 1045.26 µg/L. HAAs in the swimming pools in Tehran might be due to the extensive use of chlorine compounds for disinfection. Therefore, due to the high levels of HAAs, frequent monitoring of HAA levels as well as minimization strategies is needed in these swimming pools. |
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Title: Experimental data of designing an optimal system for storage, collection and transfer of household waste in the GIS environment: A case study of Tehran, district 22, Iran Author(s): , , , , Abstract: This study was conducted to correctly manage the system of storage, collection and transfer of wastes in district 22, Tehran. After reviewing existing methods, an optimal system was designed in the GIS environment and appropriate solutions were suggested. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used. After extracting result criteria, these criteria were provided to 15 experts and managers by means of a Delphi questionnaire. Screening of the criteria was done using the criterion importance graph; a necessary condition to apply criteria and sub-criteria, is having at least half the numerical value of each vertical and horizontal vector. The results of the study showed that the most important criterion associated with the selection of waste transfer station is “distance from residential houses” with a final weight of 0.341. “Suitable traffic conditions” and “lack of noise pollution” are the next important criteria with weights of 0.259 and 0.118, respectively. Finally, “non-destruction of recreational facilities” was chosen as the least important (weight of 0.03). Transfer in this district is also 100% mechanized. At the district level, there are 10 garbage trucks, of which 7 collect during night and 3 during day. Given per capita of the district, it takes about 10 min to collect each ton of waste. In general, in order to investigate and plan specific methods in the study district, using Geographic Information System, the location of reservoirs in residential and commercial districts has been determined and suggested with a coefficient of 0.75. |
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Title: Experimental data on the adsorption of Reactive Red 198 from aqueous solution using Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles: Optimization by response surface methodology with central composite design Author(s): , , Abstract: he aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for Reactive Red 198 adsorption. The adsorbents were characterized by SEM and XRD. In this dataset, the influence of Reactive Red 198 dye concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time on Reactive Red 198 dye adsorption by Fe3O4 nanoparticles was tested by central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The Fe3O4 nanoparticles adsorbent was prepared by chemical co-precipitation. The process efficiency was achieved in optimal conditions including pH=7, adsorbent dosage equal to 0.5 g/L, initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, contact time equal to 30 min, 88%. Overall, the data offer a facile adsorbent to remove Reactive Red 198 dye from aqueous solutions. |
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Title: Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Vegetables in an Endemic Esophageal Cancer Region in Iran Author(s): , , Abstract: Background: Nowadays, the heavy metals pollution is increasing and the accumulation of these metals in food has posed adverse effects on humans such as inducing various kinds of cancer and non-cancer diseases. The Northeast of Iran, especially Torkman Sahra, has the maximum number of patients with esophageal cancer. Objectives: We investigated the levels of four heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu) in cucumber and tomato samples in Golestan province, an endemic esophageal cancer region. We evaluated the levels and potential health risks of heavy metals in vegetable samples of Northeastern Iran. Methods: The heavy metal content of the samples was determined by polarography methods. All sample preparation and digestion procedures were carried out according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition. Results: The results showed that Cd and Pb concentrations in cucumber and tomato were estimated to be respectively 2.4 to 14.4 and 1.6 to 7 folds higher whereas Zn and Cu levels were lower than the maximum permissible limit for vegetables. The amounts of Pb intake through the consumption of these vegetables were determined more than the provisional tolerable daily intake. The total non-cancer and cancer risk results indicated that the investigated region was relatively unsuitable for growing the vegetables in the view of the risk of the elevated intakes of heavy metals adversely affecting food safety for consumers. Pb was the heavy metal posing non-cancer risks while Cd caused the greatest cancer risk. Conclusions: It was concluded that due to the toxic effects of cadmium and lead, we should be more serious to reduce pollution levels in this region. |
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Title: Reactive Dye Adsorption from Aqueous Solution on HPEI-Modified Fe3O4 Nanoparticle as a Superadsorbent: Characterization, Modeling, and Optimization Author(s): , , , , , Abstract: In this work, the optimum condition for the adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 dye onto Fe3O4 functionalized with hyperbranched polyethylenimine ([email protected]) was determined using response surface methodology. The properties of synthesized magnetic [email protected] nanoparticles were ascertained using FTIR, SEM, TEM, VSM and zeta potential measurement. The experimental adsorption data indicating the positive effect of adsorbent dose and contact time, and the negative effect of pH, initial dye concentration and ionic strength on dye adsorption. At optimal condition; pH 3.4, contact time 25 min, adsorbent dose 0.4 g/L and initial dye concentration 113 mg/L, [email protected] nanoparticles removed dye up to 99.27%. The maximum experimental dye adsorption was near to the predicted value of 100%, which confirmed the reliability of the selected statistical model. The dye adsorption data were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 500 mg/g. Totally, [email protected] as an effective superadsorbent can be repeatedly utilized for the adsorption of dye from the aqueous environment. |
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Title: Determination of fluoride biosorption from aqueous solutions using Ziziphus leaf as an environmentally friendly cost effective biosorbent Author(s): , Abstract: Biosorption is considered to be one of the favorite treatment technologies for fluoride ion (F) removal from aqueous solutions. The purpose of this study was to measure the efficiency of Ziziphus leaf in the removal of F from aqueous solutions. The biosorption experiments were performed in batch systems at room temperature. The experimental parameters studied were: (i) the initial F concentration level (3-12 mg/L), (ii) the biosorbent dose (1-10 g/L), and (iii) the contact time (5-120 min). The highest removal biosorption of 100% was observed at a biosorbent dose of 10 g/L, a contact time of 90 min, and an initial F concentration level of 12 mg/L. At an initial F concentration of 12 mg/L, the most effective and applicable biosorbent dose was 5 g/L which resulted in the removal of 95.36% of the F after 25 min with a resulting F concentration of 0.55 mg/L, which is safe for drinking water. The Langmuir model fitted better than the Frendlich model and showed a homogeneous biosorption surface with the possibility of a monolayer biosorption of F by the biosorbent. The biosorption kinetic was controlled by the pseudo-first-order model. The results showed that Ziziphus leaf can be used as an environmentally friendly, cost effective, and effective biosorbent for the removal of F from aqueous solutions. |
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Title: Degradation of azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos from aqueous solutions by ultrasound treatment Author(s): Abstract: Azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos are the organophosphorous pesticides which pose serious threats to the environment including their detrimental effect on humans and, therefore, their removal from the environment is a must. Hence, in the present paper the ultrasound technique was applied to remove the above-mentioned hazardous compounds. For this, the effect of influential parameters such as pH, initial pesticide concentration, frequency, electric power and treatment time on the ultrasound degradation of azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos was well investigated and elucidated. The results obtained showed that azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos were effectively and rapidly degraded by the ultrasound technique. Thus, the operating optimal conditions (initial pH. 9, initial pesticide concentration 1. mg/L, frequency 130. kHz, electric power 500. W and treatment time 20. min) lead to a degradation of 78.50% for azinphos-methyl and of 98.96% for chlorpyrifos with in 20. min of contact time. Two multiple regression-based equations were derived to describe the degradation process of the pesticides by the ultrasound treatment. The result of this study showed that the polynomial equations satisfactorily described the behavior of the present process for various operating conditions. |
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Title: Neuro-fuzzy inference system Prediction of stability indices and Sodium absorption ratio in Lordegan rural drinking water resources in west Iran Author(s): , , , , , , , Abstract: According to World Health Organization guidelines, corrosion control is an important aspect of safe drinking-water supplies. Water always includes ingredients, dissolved gases and suspended materials. Although some of these water ingredients is indispensable for human beings, these elements more than permissible limits, could be endanger human health. The aim of this study is to assess physical and chemical parameters of drinking water in the rural areas of Lordegan city, also to determine corrosion indices. This cross-sectional study has carried out with 141 taken samples during 2017 with 13 parameters, which has been analyzed based on standard method and to estimate the water quality indices from groundwater using ANFIS. Also with regard to standard conditions, results of this paper are compared with Environmental Protection Agency and Iran national standards. Five indices, Ryznar Stability Index (RSI), Langlier Saturation Index (LSI), Larson-Skold Index (LS), Puckorius Scaling Index (PSI), and Aggressive Index (AI) programmed by using Microsoft Excel software. Owing to its simplicity, the program, can easily be used by researchers and operators. Parameters included Sulfate, Sodium, Chloride, and Electrical Conductivity respectively were 13.5, 28, 10.5, and 15% more than standard level. The amount of Nitrate, in 98% of cases were in permissible limits and about 2% were more than standard level. Result of presented research indicate that water is corrosive at 10.6%,89.4%,87.2%,59.6% and 14.9% of drinking water supply reservoirs, according to LSI, RSI, PSI, LS and AI, respectively. |
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Title: FeNi3@SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite as a highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst for humic acid adsorption and degradation in neutral environments Author(s): , Abstract: In this research, the ability of Fenton-like catalytic process in the presence of H2 O2 for degradation of humic acid in simulated water was studied. In this regard, FeNi3 nanoparticles were synthesized by the coprecipitation method, using SiO2 . The properties of the prepared FeNi3 @SiO2 were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The studied parameters were pH (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11), contact time (5–180 min), nanocomposite dose (0.005–0.1 g/L), concentration of humic acid (2–15 mg/L) and concentration of H2 O2 (50–200 mg/L). The highest removal percentage of humic acid was 100% at pH = 7, with humic acid concentration of 10 PPM, FeNi3 @SiO2 dosage of 0.1 g/L and H2 O2 dosage of 200 mg/L. According to the results, the Fenton-like catalytic process of FeNi3 @SiO2 /H2 O2 had high efficiency in removing humic acid from aquatic environment. |
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Title: The concentration data of fluoride and health risk assessment in drinking water in the Ardakan city of Yazd province, Iran Author(s): ), Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, Iran is located in the global fluoride belts, so that is why carrying out extended research on this contaminant anion in water supplies must be considered. Due to the various industries in the Ardakan city, this region is severely suffering from fluoride contamination. This study was designed to investigate the fluoride concentration and its distribution pattern as well as related health risk assessment in groundwater resources of 28 villages of the Ardakan city in Yazd province using SPADNS method according to standard instructions. Our results show that, the average concentration of fluoride was 2.92 mg/l (range: 0.9–6 mg/l), also in half of the villages, the concentration range of this element was over than standard level (1.5 mg/l) given by WHO rules. In addition, risk assessment results showed that HQ value is higher than 1 in 46.4% of samples of groundwater resources in age groups of infants, children, teenagers and adults. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce fluoride concentration in drinking water in order to control resultant fluorosis. Actions should be implemented to enhance monitoring of fluoride levels to avoid the potential risk of high Fluoride concentration. |
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Title: Metals, heavy metals and microorganism removal from spent filter backwash water by hybrid coagulation-UF processes Author(s): , Abstract: Spent filter backwash water (SFBW) reuse has attracted particular attention, especially in countries that experience water scarcity. It can act as a permanent water source until the water treatment plant is working. In this study, the concentrations of Fe, Al, Pb, As, and Cd with total and fecal coliform (TC/FC) were investigated in raw and treated SFBW by hybrid coagulation-UF processes. The pilot plant consisted of pre-sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, clarification, and ultrafiltration (UF) units. Poly-aluminum ferric chloride (PAFCL) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were used as pretreatment. The results showed that, at the optimum dose of PAFCl, the average removal of TC and FC was 88 and 79% and with PAFCl-UF process, it reached 100 and 100%, respectively. For FeCl3 removal efficiency of TC and FC were 81 and 72% and by applying FeCl3-UF process, it reached 100 and 100%, respectively. In comparison with FeCl3, PAFCl showed better removal efficiency for Fe, Pb, As, and Cd, except residual Al concentration. Coagulation-UF process could treat SFBW efficiently and treated SFBW could meet the US-EPA drinking water standard. Health risk index values of Fe, AL, Pb, AS, and Cd in treated SFBW indicate no risk of exposure to the use of this water. |
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Title: Evaluation of kenaf fibers as moving bed biofilm carriers in algal membrane photobioreactor Author(s): Derakhshan Z, Mahvi AH, Ehrampoush MH, Ghaneian MT, Yousefinejad S, Faramarzian M, Mazloomi SM, Dehghani M, Fallahzadeh H Abstract: In this lab-scale study, the feasibility of using kenaf fibers as moving bed biofilm carriers in hybrid microalgal membrane photobioreactors (HMPBR) in organic matter and atrazine elimination from real secondary effluent was evaluated. For evaluating the kinetics of biofilm substrate consumption, an experimental model was proposed. Inoculation of wastewater samples with free carriers resulted in the greater removal of target pollutants. Removal efficiency of atrazine and chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased to 27% and 16%, with respect to the control, respectively. The total biomass accumulation in HMPBR exceeded 5g/L, and the microalgae tended to aggregate and attached to biofilm carriers. The removal efficiency of HMPBR improved significantly via inoculation of kenaf fiber carriers with bioremediation microalgal strains (p < 0.01). A lower stabilization ratio (VSS/TSS) was also recorded. The biomass in HMPBR included more lipids and carbohydrates. The results revealed that kenaf fibers could improve and upgrade the biological activity of different wastewater treatment applications, considering the great potential of biofilm carriers and their effluent quality. |
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Title: The Analysis of Oxytetracycline Residue in Tissues of Cultured Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Author(s): , Abstract: Background: Oxytetracycline (OTC) is commonly used in aquaculture industry and has high potency against bacterial diseases. Objectives: The present study aimed at examining the rate of oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic residue in the tissues of cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Methods: Samples were taken randomly from the livers and fillets of 45 rainbow trout from 15 large aquaculture ponds in Hamadan province, West of Iran. The OTC residue was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data analysis was performed with SPSS (V.18) (mean and standard deviation), and Man-Whitney test was employed for statistical analysis. Results: The results revealed that OTC residue were 389 to 641 ppb in the livers and 175 to 295 ppb in the fillets, respectively. However, in 86.66% of the samples (liver and fillet) the amounts of OTC residue was found to be higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in codex alimentarius commission, and 13.33% of the samples (liver and fillet) were within the standard range. Analysis of input and output data using Man-Whitney test showed significant differences in liver and fillet (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This research determined that the use of OTC must be reduced to an acceptable level in aquaculture industry. Also, antibiotic residue in rainbow trout must be controlled before their delivery to the market. |
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Title: Simultaneous removal of cationic methylene blue and anionic reactive Red 198 dyes using magnetic activated carbon nanoparticles: equilibrium, and kinetics analysis Author(s): Abstract: For the simultaneous adsorption of cationic dye (methylene blue, MB) and anionic dye (reactive red 198, RR198) from aqueous solution, magnetic activated carbon (MAC) nanocomposite as a promising adsorbent was prepared and used. The concentration of MB at different time intervals was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer while the concentration of RR198 was determined using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The effect of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent amount, and dye concentration were investigated. Also, both kinetic and isotherm experiments were studied. The optimum pH was 10 and 5.5 for adsorption of MB and RR198, respectively, and the equilibrium status was achieved after 120 min. The adsorption kinetics was controlled by the pseudo-second order kinetic model more than pseudo-first order. The best-fitted isotherms were Freundlich and Langmuir models for MB and RR198, respectively. The higher values of Freundlich adsorption capacity (Kf) for MB in comparison with RR198 refer to MAC affinity to remove cationic dyes more than anionic dyes. Apparently, there was no substantial change in the adsorption efficiency among the 10 adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, MAC can be considered as an effective and efficient viable adsorbent for cationic and anionic dyes removal from industrial wastewaters. |
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Title: Biodegradation of atrazine from wastewater using moving bed biofilm reactor under nitrate-reducing conditions: A kinetic study Author(s): Abstract: In this study employed an anoxic moving bed biofilm reactor (AnMBBR) to evaluate the effects of hydraulic and toxic shocks on performance reactor. The results indicated a relatively good resistance of system against exercised shocks and its ability to return to steady-state conditions. In optimal conditions when there was the maximum rate of atrazine and soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were 74.82% and 99.29% respectively. Also, atrazine biodegradation rapidly declines in AnMBBR from 74% ± 0.05 in the presence of nitrate to 9.12% only 3 days after the nitrate was eliding from the influent. Coefficients kinetics was studied and the maximum atrazine removal rate was determined by modified Stover & Kincannon model (Umax = 9.87 gATZ/m3d). Results showed that AnMBBR is feasible, easy, affordable, so suitable process for efficiently biodegrading toxic chlorinated organic compounds such as atrazine. Also, its removal mechanism in this system is co-metabolism. |
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Title: Correlation between drinking water fluoride and TSH hormone by ANNs and ANFIS Author(s): Abstract: Background: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neural-fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS) are the best solutions to finding the correlation between some water parameters and human hormones. The correlation between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and drinking water fluoride studied by ANNS and ANFIS models in Yazd city. Method: In this study, eighty people with thyroid gland disorder and 213 healthy people invited. Their thyroid hormones and fluoride drinking water analyzed. Results: The result of ANFIS showed R2 = 0.81 for test and R2 = 0.85 for train in all cases and controls data. This results were R2 = 0.73 and R2 = 0.81 for ANNs respectively. Conclusion: This models can be used as an alternative for show correlation between Drinking Water Fluoride and TSH Hormone and R2 = 0.85 gained from ANFIS was the best. |
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Title: Data on microbiological quality assessment of rural drinking water supplies in Poldasht county Author(s): Abstract: In this research, the villages with water supply systems under the supervision of the Water and Wastewater Company in Poldasht County, Iran in 2015 was studied. 648 samples were taken from 57 villages during 12month period to test for microbial quality according to the latest guidelines of WHO. Fecal coliform, coliform, turbidity, pH and free residual chlorine were analyzed. Also we used linear Regression statistical analysis for collected data. Result of Data showed that 13.6% of the villages under study had contaminated water resources. In 100 percent of the water sample resource the turbidity level was less than Iranian maximum permissible levels (5 NTU). There was a linear relation between the Free residual color and Coliform in different month of follow up (r = −0.154, P < 0.001). Data suggests water resources should be comprehensively planned and monitored keeping in view the WHO recommended parameters. |
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Title: Sensitivity analysis and modeling of 4-chlorophenol degradation in aqueous solutions by an nZVI-sodium persulfate system Author(s): Abstract: In the present study, an artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to model the 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) removal in a nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)/persulfate/ water system. The impacts of experimental parameters, including persulfate, nZVI, reaction time, pH, and initial 4-CP concentration were considered as input variables in the models. The experiments were conducted based on the central composite design (CCD). The CCD of experiments was also employed as the training set for ANN models. The results of nZVI/persulfate system on removal of 4-CP indicated that the process was directly influenced by the extent of generated sulfate free radicals for the initiation of the oxidative degradation of 4-CP. With increasing the persulfate concentration to 2 mM and nZVI dosage to 1 g/L in the system, the removal percentage of 4-CP was increased. In addition, the acidic condition (pH = 3) turned out to be more favorable than alkaline and neutral conditions for 4-CP elimination. The modeling results showed that ANN with an R² value of 0.992 can be more reliable than the RSM model with an R² value of 0.9245. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relative importance of each variable on the ANN model output. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that all factors were important for model output. However, pH was the most influencing factor. |
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Titl: Investigation of carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde and formaldehyde) in bottled waters in Iranian markets Author(s): Dehghani M.H., Farhang M., Zarei.A Abstract: The contamination of water bottles has become a very serious problem attracting more and more concerns due to the possibility of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde migration from PET bottles. Therefore, the study aims to assess the extent of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde migration from polyethylene terephthalate bottles of different manufacturers into bottle contents in relation to the storage time and at room temperature sold in Iranian markets. Twenty typical brands of PET-bottled water samples were purchased from supermarkets and shops in Iran between April and May 2015. In this study, the levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were determined using a high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). All bottled water samples in Iranian supermarkets and shops had detectable levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Minimum and maximum levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in this study varied between 12-45 μg/l and 25-120 μg/l, respectively. The average levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Iranian bottled waters were 28.6 μg/l and 61.3 μg/l, respectively. Overall, it could be stated that the bottled waters, available in Iran, are safe for the human consumption, as regards the levels of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. |
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Title: Synthesis and characterizations of FeNi 3 @SiO 2 @TiO 2 nanocomposite and its application in photo- catalytic degradation of tetracycline in simulated wastewater Author(s): Abstract: Tetracycline (TC) is an antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine and in treatment of human infection, and enters aquatic environments. Conventional treatment have not had much impact on removal of TC, as a result, in this study photocatalysis degradation of TC have been considered. FeNi3@SiO2@TiO2 was synthesized, and its characterization were determined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dissipation spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then, its efficiency as a photo-catalyst for TC degradation was examined in a batch reactor and the effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration and nanocomposite dose were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency of the photocatalytic process was 100% using FeNi3@SiO2@TiO2 for degradation of TC at a concentration of 10 mg/L, for 200 min, at pH 9, with nanocomposite dose (0.005 g/L). The kinetics of TC degradation followed the pseudo-first-order model. The results of this study showed that FeNi3@SiO2@Tio2 nanocomposite has a reasonable efficiency in degradation of TC, as its relatively simple synthesis and convenient recovery, it could be a suitable catalyst for removal and degradation of pharmaceutical organic pollutants. |
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Title: Simultaneous removal of atrazine and organic matter from wastewater using anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor: A performance analysis. Author(s): Derakhshan Z, Mahvi AH, Ghaneian MT, Mazloomi SM, Faramarzian M, Dehghani M, Fallahzadeh H, Yousefinejad S, Berizi E, Ehrampoush MH, Bahrami S Abstract: In this study, an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (AMBBR) was designed to biodegrade atrazine under mesophilic (32 °C) condition and then it was evaluated for approximately 1 year. After biofilm formation, acclimation, and enrichment of microbial population within the bioreactor, the effect of various operation conditions such as changes in the concentration of influent atrazine and sucrose, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and salinity on the removal of atrazine and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were studied. In optimum conditions, the maximum removal efficiency of atrazine and COD was 60.5% and 97.4%, respectively. Various models were developed to predict the performance of atrazine removal as a function of HRT during continuous digestion. Also, coefficients kinetics was studied and the maximum atrazine removal rate was determined by Stover - Kincannon model (rmax = 0.223 kgATZ/m3d). Increasing salinity up to 20 g/L NaCl in influent flow could inhibit atrazine biodegradation process strongly in the AMBBR reactor; whereas, the reactor could tolerate the concentrations less than 20 g/L easily. Results showed that AMBBR is feasible, easy, affordable, so suitable process for efficiently biodegrading toxic chlorinated organic compounds such as atrazine. There was no accumulation of atrazine in the biofilm and the loss of atrazine in the control reactor was negligible; this shows that atrazine removal mechanism in this system was due to co-metabolism. |
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Title: Modeling of Environmental Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Zoonotic and Anthroponotic Cutaneous, and Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis in Foci of Iran: a Remote Sensing and GIS Based Study Author(s): Abstract: Background Leishmaniasis is a re-emerging serious international public health problem, and both visceral and cutaneous types of leishmaniasis became important endemic diseases in Iran. In this study, the relationships between environmental factors (vegetation and elevation) and the prevalence of diseases have been investigated. Methods All international and national online databases were searched by terms such as leishmaniasis, incidence, prevalence and other related words attributed to Iran and published until first quarter of 2015. The developed database in Excel, later imported to the ArcMap for spatial analyst and mapping. Afterwards, the software was used for modeling the relationship between the prevalence/incidence and environmental variables (vegetation and elevation) by both linear and nonlinear regression. Results After mapping the prevalence data from 144 studies, considering non-parametric ANOVA, the tendency of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis to presence in high elevation and high vegetation was more than Anthroponotic and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. While linear regression showed weaker results for modeling, however, additive nonparametric regression analysis suggested that 10km buffers for elevation, and 10 as well as 50km buffers for vegetation could contribute in better fitness in modeling of these variables. Conclusion The detailed maps for distribution of disease concluded. The nonlinear regression is a reliable predictor of the relationship between environmental factors and disease incidence, although more and wide researchers are needed to confirm it. |
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Title: Assessment of temporal and spatial eutrophication index in a water dam reservoir Author(s): , , , , Abstract: Eutrophication is considered as a serious problem in water reservoirs. Awareness about the eutrophic status of each reservoir could help in providing a better understanding of the problem in a global scale. The present study was conducted to assess temporal and spatial eutrophication index in a water reservoir (Sahand dam) in the northwest of Iran. Physico-chemical parametres that are effective on eutrphic condition occurrence were analyzed, and trophic state index was calculated on a scale of 0-100 by measuring Secchi disk depth, chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total suspended solids, and phosphorus P/N ratio. Moreover, using the overlapping, the reservoir was mapped based on the mentioned index. Seasonal variation of dissolved solids in the reservoir was recorded due to precipitation and subsequent dilution and evaporation. Thermal stratification was observed during the summer months. The total trophic state index value was calculated as 55.5- 58.07, with minimum value belonging to P/N and maximum value belonging to suspended solids for individual parameters. There were some spatial and temporal differences for trophic state index in the reservoir. It was found that the whole area of the reservoir was in almost moderately upper-mesotrophic condition and in some target stations it was very close to eutrophic condition. The worst condition was observed in Qaranqu River as the main input to the reservoir. Due to the significant impact of suspended particles resulting from erosion of the surrounding lands on TSI value, there is an urgent need for mitigation measures to intercept eutrophication. |
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Title: Optimization of the synthesis and operational parameters for NOM removal with response surface methodology during nano-composite membrane filtration. Author(s): Yousefi N, Nabizadeh R, Nasseri S, Khoobi M, Nazmara S, Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate membrane synthesis by interfacial polymerization methods, the application of synthesized nano-composite membrane for natural organic matters (NOMs) removal from water, evaluation of fouling mechanism and antifouling properties. Polysulfone (PSf) was selected as a porous ultrafiltration membrane support and interfacial polymerization was done using tannic acid (TA) and Trimesoyl chloride (TMC) with central composite design (CCD). The effects of TA and TMC monomer concentrations, reaction time and post treatment temperature was evaluated. The synthesized membrane was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and water contact angle. Based on the results, the optimum conditions for synthesizing nano-composite were: TA concentration of 0.27 g/L, TMC concentration of 0.22 g/L, reaction time of 68.29 min and temperature of 25.23 °C. The predicted optimum operational conditions were a NOM concentration of 6.429 mg/L; time of 10.931 min and applied pressure of 1.039 bar. The potential applications of the synthesized nano-composite membranes with interfacial polymerization can enhance water treatment. |
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Title: Removal of ibuprofen from aqueous solution by functionalized strong nano-clay composite adsorbent: kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies Author(s): Abstract: The functionalized nano-clay composite adsorbent was prepared, and its properties were characterized using FT-IR, XRD and SEM techniques. The synthesized nano-clay composite was studied with regard to its capacity to remove ibuprofen under different adsorption conditions such as varying pH levels (5–9), initial ibuprofen concentrations (3, 5 and 10 mg L?¹), contact time, and the amount of adsorbent (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g). In order to evaluate the nanocomposite adsorption capacity, the adsorption results were assessed using nine isotherm models. The results showed that the optimum adsorption pH was 6 and that an increase or decrease in the pH reduced the adsorption capacity. The adsorption process was fast and reached equilibrium after 120 min. The maximum efficacy of ibuprofen removal was approximately 95.2%, with 1 g of adsorbent, 10 mg L?¹ initial concentration of ibuprofen, 120 min contact time and pH = 6. The optimal adsorption isotherm models were the Freundlich, Fritz–Schlunder, Redlich–Peterson, Radke–Prausnitz, Sip, Toth and Khan models. In addition, four adsorption kinetic models were employed for adsorption system evaluation under a variety of experimental conditions. The kinetic data illustrated that the process is very fast, and the reaction followed the Elovich kinetic model. Therefore, this nano-clay composite can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of ibuprofen from aqueous solutions, such as water and wastewater. |
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Title: Impact of Drinking Water Fluoride on Human Thyroid Hormones: A Case- Control Study Author(s): Abstract: The elevated fluoride from drinking water impacts on T3, T4 and TSH hormones. The aim was study impacts of drinking water fluoride on T3, T4 and TSH hormones inYGA (Yazd Greater Area). In this case- control study 198 cases and 213 controls were selected. Fluoride was determined by the SPADNS Colorimetric Method. T3, T4 and TSH hormones tested in the Yazd central laboratory by RIA (Radio Immuno Assay) method. The average amount of TSH and T3 hormones based on the levels of fluoride in two concentration levels 0-0.29 and 0.3-0.5 (mg/L) was statistically significant (P = 0.001 for controls and P = 0.001 for cases). In multivariate regression logistic analysis, independent variable associated with Hypothyroidism were: gender (odds ratio: 2.5, CI 95%: 1.6-3.9), family history of thyroid disease (odds ratio: 2.7, CI 95%: 1.6-4.6), exercise (odds ratio: 5.34, CI 95%: 3.2-9), Diabetes (odds ratio: 3.7, CI 95%: 1.7-8), Hypertension (odds ratio: 3.2, CI 95%: 1.3-8.2), water consumption (odds ratio: 4, CI 95%: 1.2-14). It was found that fluoride has impacts on TSH, T3 hormones even in the standard concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L. Application of standard household water purification devices was recommended for hypothyroidism. |
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Title: Synthesis of polystyrene coated by sand (PCS) as a novel media in modified biological aerated filters (BAF) for advanced municipal wastewater treatment: A comparative assessment Author(s): Abstract: In this study a novel media, polystyrene coated by sand (PCS) was made and then applied in a pilot-scale down-flow biological aerated filter (BAF), named PCS BAF. The efficiency of PCS BAF reactor was compared with efficiencies of puzzolana BAF, gravel BAF, and polystyrene BAF in advanced domestic wastewater treatment through three stages. The inner structure of BAFs consisted of a media with a height of 150 cm for biological attached growth that was modified by a 20 cm layer of silica particles at the bottom of columns to increase the reactors’ performance. The physical and chemical parameters of turbidity, BOD5, TCOD, and SCOD, as well as parameters related to backwashing were investigated for BAFs’ efficiency. Results of this research indicated that PCS BAF can decrease the turbidity, BOD5 TCOD, and SCOD in the influent, from 20 NTU, 22, 53, and 36 mg/L, to a rate of 1.3 NTU, 9, 26, and 21 mg/L in the effluent, respectively. Moreover, the backwashing time required for PCS BAF was less than half of the other three BAF reactors and the backwashing interval was about once every 19 d. |
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Title: Studies on the influence of process parameters on simultaneous biodegradation of atrazine and nutrients in aquatic environments by a membrane photobioreactor Author(s): Derakhshan Z, Mahvi AH, Ehrampoush MH, Mazloomi SM, Faramarzian M, Dehghani M, Yousefinejad S, Ghaneian MT, Abtahi SM Abstract: A Lab scale algal-bacterial membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) was designed and operated under 12-h light and 12-h dark conditions with a light intensity of 8000lx, in order to investigate the effects of initial concentrations of atrazine, carbon concentration, and hydraulic retention time on the ability of this photobioreactor in simultaneous removal of atrazine and nutrients in the continuous mode. The removal efficiencies of atrazine (ATZ), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus (PO43--P) and nitrogen (NOx) in optimum condition was more than 95%, 99%, 98% and 97% when the maximum removal rates were 9.5 × 10-3, 99.231, 11.773 and 7.762mg/L-day, respectively. Results showed that the quality of the effluent was reduced by the increase of atrazine concentration. The outcomes on the hydraulic and toxic shocks indicated that the system has a relatively good resistance to the shocks and can return to the stable conditions. Microalgae showed a great deal of interest and capability in cultivating and attaching to the surface of the membrane and bioreactor, and the total biomass accumulated in the system was greater than 6g/L. The kinetic coefficients of atrazine removal were also studied using various kinetic models. The maximum atrazine removal rate was determined by the modified Stover-Kincannon model. The results approved the ability of the MPBR reactor in wastewater treatment and microalgae cultivation and growth. The decline of atrazine concentration in this system could be attributed to the algal-bacterial symbiosis and co-metabolism process. Accordingly, the MPBR reactor is a practical, simple, economical and therefore suitable process for simultaneous biodegradation of chlorinated organic compounds and nutrients removal from aquatic environments. |
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Title: Data on corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water resources using stability indices in Jolfa, East Azerbaijan, Iran Author(s): Yousefi M, Saleh HN, Mahvi AH, Alimohammadi M, Nabizadeh R, Mohammadi AA Abstract: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the drinking water resources of the city of Jolfa (East Azerbaijan province, Iran) from samples taken from 30 wells. Calcium hardness, pH, total alkalinity, TDS, temperature and other chemical parameters were measured using standard methods. The Langelier, Rayzner, Puckhorius and aggressive indices were calculated. The results showed that the Langelier, Reynar, Puckorius, Larson-skold and aggressive indices were 1.15 (± 0.43), 6.92 (± 0.54), 6.42 (± 0.9), 0.85 (± 0.72) and 12.79 (± 0.47), respectively. In terms of water classification, 30% of samples fell into the NaCl category and 26.6% in the NaHCO3 category and 43.4% samples in the CaHCO3, MgHCO3 and MgCl category. The sedimentation indices indicated that the water of the wells could be considered as corrosive. |
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Title: Health risk assessment to fluoride in drinking water of rural residents living in the Poldasht city, Northwest of Iran Author(s): Yousefi M, Ghoochani M, Hossein Mahvi A Abstract: This study analyzes the concentrations and health risks of fluoride in 112 drinking water samples collected from 28 villages of the Poldasht city, West Azerbaijan province in Iran. Results indicated that fluoride content in drinking water ranged from0.27 to 10.3mgL-1 (average 1.70mgL-1). The 57% of samples analyzed exceeded the limit set for fluoride in drinking water. Based on findings from health risk assessment this study, the highest fluoride exposure for different regions of Poldasht city was observed in young consumers, children and teenagers groups. Also, most of the rural residents suffered from fluoride contaminated drinking water. The calculated HQ value was > 1 for all groups of residents in Agh otlogh and Sari soo areas. Therefore, it is imperative to take measures to reduce fluoride concentration in drinking water and control of fluorosis. Action should be implemented to enhance monitoring of fluoride levels to avoid the potential risk to the population. |
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Title: Equilibrium and kinetics studies of Direct blue 71 adsorption from aqueous solutions using modified zeolite Author(s): Abstract: This study deals with the application of Iranian zeolite as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of the Direct blue 71 (DB 71) from colored solution. Important parameters including equilibrium and contact time, initial dye concentration, effect of pH, and zeolite dosage were evaluated. Maximum dye removal was obtained at about 99.8% for 25 mg/L at 120 min of equilibrium. Higher adsorption efficiency of direct dye was obtained at higher dose and acidic pH. To analyze the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms as well as four kinetic models encompassing pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich were evaluated. The Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.995) and pseudo second-order models, gave the best fit to equilibrium experimental data. In Langmuir analysis, the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) by 13.66 mg/g was determined. Finally, the characteristics of zeolite including both natural and modified, such as compositions, surface morphology by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were obtained. According to XRF analysis, it was demonstrated that Al2O3 and SiO2 are the most part of natural and modified zeolite. Furthermore, the clinoptilolite was determined as the significant crystalloid phase by XRD pattern |
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Title: Evaluation and analysis of municipal solid wastes in Tehran, Iran Author(s): Abstract: Waste management for municipal solid waste is considered a public health services, providing citizens with a system of disposing of their waste in an environmentally sound and economically feasible way. The amount and composition of waste generated comprise the basic information needed for the planning, operation and optimization of waste management systems. In this study, paper and plastic quantity changes in the MSW (municipal solid waste) of the region 10 of Tehran city were evaluated. This study was conducted in 6 months, in the summer and autumn seasons, at the region 10 of Tehran city. In this study, paper and plastic were segregated and data were analyzed by SPSS software. The paper parameter of solid wastes was consisted of folder paper, cardboard and used newspaper. The plastic parameter of solid wastes was consisted of plastic materials, plastic house shoes, plastic sack, nylon sack, linoleum, radiology photograph and PET. Samples were collected and weighed daily. The total quantity of paper and plastic portion of this region solid waste were 203,930 Kg and 180,101 Kg, respectively. The percentage of paper and plastic portion of this region solid waste also were 6.82% and 6.03%, respectively. The analyses showed a significant difference between these parameters and season, some months and days (P-value < 0.05). So, because of the results of this study and economical issues, the paper and plastic segregation from generated source point and recycling them are important. |
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Title: Investigating the quality and quantity of effluent in wastewater treatment plants of Iran: A case study of Tehran Author(s): Abstract: Control and monitoring of water sources from different types of contaminants especially collection and proper wastewater discharge is very important, in Iran which is considered as one of the dry regions in the world. Undesired quality of wastewater treatment plant’s (WWTPs) effluent causes many environmental problems. In this research the parameters of Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids, Potential of Hydrogen, Mixed liquor suspended solids, Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids, Sludge volume index, and temperature are examined based on the book of Standard Methods. The results of analyzing the above parameters which are related to eight WWTPs effluent out flow in Tehran, were analyzed by SPSS and Excel soft wares. The achieved data were compared to the standards of Iran’s Environmental protection agency. The results has shown that the parameters of Potential of Hydrogen, Chemical oxygen demand, Biochemical oxygen demand, and Total suspended solids of WWTPs effluent in Tehran are in accordance with standards of Environmental protection agency which are respectively 97.5%, 95.8%, 96.1%, 68.8%. WWTPs of C has also the best operation among other WWTPs. In this study, due to ethical considerations, the name of the WWTPs is not mentioned. The names of the WWTPs are marked with A–H. |
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Title: Experimental data for aluminum removal from aqueous solution by raw and iron-modified granular activated carbon Author(s): Abstract: This dataset deals with the modification of granular activated carbon (GAC) with FeCl3 under basic conditions (pH ≈ 12) for removal of aluminium (Al) from aqueous solution. The structural properties and operational parameters including Al ion concentration (2.15 and 10.3 mg/L), pH solution (2–10), adsorbent dosage (0.1–5 g/L), and contact time (0–10 h) was investigated for raw and modified GAC. This dataset provides information about Al removal by GAC and modified GAC at conditions including: pH = 8, contact time = 6 h, initial Al concentration = 2.15 mg/L. The characterization data of the adsorbents was analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) test. The data showed that Freundlich isotherm with and Pseudo second order kinetic model were the best models for describing the Al adsorption reactions. The acquired data indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of GAC and modified GAC to uptake Al (C0 = 10.3 mg/L) was 3 and 4.37 mg/g respectively. |
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Title: Adsorptive removal of noxious cadmium from aqueous solutions using poly urea-formaldehyde: A novel polymer adsorbent Author(s): Abstract: Cadmium is a heavy metal toxic that enters water resources through industrial, household, agricultural waste and non-sanitary landfill of urban and industrial wastes. Pollution of water resources by cadmium increases incidence of diseases including Itai-Itai, kidney disorders, cancer, chromosome effects and kidney tubular damages in low exposures. The aim of this study is to study the efficiency of a new poly urea-formaldehyde adsorbent in the removal cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of different variables such as initial pH, contact time, initial concentration of cadmium and test of real wastewater samples were evaluated. In addition, laboratory data of cadmium adsorption by urea-formaldehyde adsorbent were matched to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The results of the study showed that maximum adsorption capacity obtained by Langmuir model was 76.3 mg/g at pH = 5.5. Laboratory adsorption data matched mostly by Freundlich isotherm model (R² =0.999) which indicates that adsorption of cadmium ions on heterogenic surfaces of poly urea-formaldehyde happens by chemical adsorption mechanism. Generally, the results of the study showed that new poly urea-formaldehyde adsorbent can be efficiently used to remove highly concentrated cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. |
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Title: Adsorptive removal of fluoride from water by activated carbon derived from CaCl2-modified Crocus sativus leaves: Equilibrium adsorption isotherms, optimization, and influence of anions Author(s): Mohammad Hadi Dehghani, Mansoureh Farhang, Mahmood Alimohammadi, Mojtaba Afsharnia & Gordon Mckay Abstract: A central composite design using response surface methodology was applied for the experimental design and optimization of fluoride adsorption on an activated carbon derived from calcium chloride-modified Crocus sativus leaves (AC-CMCSL). Fluoride removal efficiency as function of independent variables, such as initial fluoride concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, and time has been investigated. The maximum percentage removal of fluoride at optimum conditions (initial fluoride concentration = 6.5 mg L−1, pH = 4.5, adsorbent dose = 15 g L−1 and time = 70 min) was 85.43%. By comparing adsorption isotherm, the Freundlich model provided the best correlation (R2 = 0.99) for the adsorption of fluoride on AC-CMCSL. The maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir model (qmax) was 2.01 mg g−1. The influence of the co-existing anions on fluoride adsorption was in the following order: PO43− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3−. The results of the present study showed that activated carbon derived from the leaves of calcium chloride-modified Crocus sativus has a good potential for fluoride removal from aqueous solution. |
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Title: Concentration and ecological risk of heavy metal in street dusts of Eslamshahr, Iran Author(s): Kamani, H. and Mirzaei, N. and Ghaderpoori, M. and Bazrafshan, E. and Rezaei, S. and Mahvi, A.H. Abstract: This study was done to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in street dust samples, to compare measured concentrations in samples to background concentrations in order to make evaluations for pollution indices, and to describe the quality of street dust in the studied area in relation to pollution. A total of 30 cumulative samples were collected from the streets of Eslamshahr City. Concentrations of heavy metals were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results determined mean concentrations (mg/kg) of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in collected samples of street dust as 0.34, 35.1, 239, 42.4, 71.3, and 573, respectively. Igeo values for Cd and Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn showed level of moderately polluted, unpolluted, moderately to strongly polluted, unpolluted, moderately polluted and moderately to strongly polluted, respectively. The pattern of total metal concentrations in the studied area was ranked as follows: Zn and Cu>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cr. The highest values for the monomial potential ecological risk (Er) were observed for Cd (114). The mean level of RI for the studied soil samples was 192 (91.3–244), which is classed as presenting a strong potential ecological risk. KEYWORDS: street dust, heavy metals, geo-accumulation index, integrated pollution index, ecological risk |
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Title: Adsorption and visible-light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride from aqueous solutions using 3D hierarchical mesoporous BiOI: Synthesis and characterization, process optimization, adsorption and degradation modeling Author(s): Abstract: Presence of antibiotics in aquatic environment has raised public concerns due to potential adverse effects. In this study, we synthesized two different bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) by hydrolysis (BiOI-H) and solvothermal (BiOI-ST) methods and characterized using FTIR, XRD, FESEM, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, DRS and PLS. The results of characterization tests showed that the BiOI-ST sample is a better adsorbent and may be more active in photocatalytic reactions as the result of more surface area, higher light absorption ability lower band-gap energy and PL intensity, than BiOI-H. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) antibiotic was selected to evaluate adsorption and photocatalytic efficiency of BiOI-ST using Response Surface Methodology. The optimum conditions of contact time, TCH initial concentration, BiOI dosage and pH for adsorption and photocatalytic processes were obtained 37.5 min, 2.1 mg/L, 1.5 g/L, 8.5 and 101.5 min, 2 mg/L, 0.68 g/L, respectively. Based on kinetic and isotherm studies, experimental data fitted to pseudo-second order kinetics model and followed the Freundlich and D–R isotherm models. The apparent pseudo-first order rate constant of BiOI-ST was higher than that of BiOI-H. Therefore, BiOI-ST can be used as a promising option to treat low level concentration of TCH in hospital wastewaters. |
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Title: ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF NITRATE FROM AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS BY CUPRIC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: KINETICS, THERMODYNAMICS AND ISOTHERM STUDIES Author(s): Bazrafshan, E (Bazrafshan, Edris) ; Mahvi, AH (Mahvi, Amir Hossein) ; Havangi, M (Havangi, Mohammad) ; Panahi, AH (Panahi, Ayat Hossein) ; Balarak, D (Balarak, Davoud) Abstract: Elevated concentration of nitrate in drinking water would pose a serious risk to human health such as methemoglobinemia, liver damage and cancers. At present study adsorptive removal of NO3- ions from aqueous solution using copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) was examined. For this, effects of operating conditions, like pH of solution, dose of CuO NPs, reaction time, initial concentration of adsorbate and temperature, were considered. The maximum removal efficiency of NO3- by CuO NPs was observed at a pH of 2-5. The sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption models. The NO3- adsorption is well fitted to Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich models; a possibility of mono and heterolayer NO3- adsorption on the adsorbent surface. The CuO NPs showed a good adsorption capacity of NO3- (84.6 mg/g at 298 degrees K). According to adsorption kinetic study, the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The percentage removal of NO3- was increased with increasing the temperature. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption of NO3- was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The results imply that CuO NPs could be a feasible alternative in the removal of NO3- from aqueous solutions. |
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Title: BIOSORPTION OF TETRACYCLINE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY AZOLLA FILICULOIDES: EQUILIBRIUM KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMICS STUDIES Author(s): Mahvi, AH (Mahvi, Amir Hossein) ; Mostafapour, FK (Mostafapour, Ferdos Kord) ; Balarak, D (Balarak, Davoud) Abstract: Azolla Filiculoides (AF) were used for the sorption of tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solution. A systematic study of the adsorption process was performed by varying adsorbent amount, initial TC concentration, sorption time and temperature. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using four widely applied isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm fit the experimental results well. Kinetic analyses were conducted using pseudo-first and second-order models and the intra particle diffusion model. The regression results showed that the adsorption kinetics were more accurately represented by pseudo-second-order model. The Standard free energy changes (Delta G(0)), standard enthalpy change (Delta H-0), and standard entropy change (Delta S-0) were calculated using adsorption equilibrium constants obtained from the Langmuir isotherm at different temperatures. All Delta G(0) values were negative; the Delta H-0 values and Delta S-0 values of Azolla Filiculoides biomass were 3.36 kJ/mol and 14.4 J/mol K, respectively. Results suggested that the TC adsorption on biomass was a spontaneous and endothermic process. |
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Title: Study of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 levels in during dust storms and local air pollution events in urban and rural sites in Tehran Author(s): Jalil Jaafari, Kazem Naddafi, Masud Yunesian, Ramin Nabizadeh, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali, Shahrokh Nazmara, Hamid Reza Shamsollahi & Kamyar Yaghmaeian Abstract: The aim of this study is to survey the PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations in rural and urban areas in Tehran province during cold, warm and dust storm days from December 22, 2016 to June 5, 2017 using Grimm Model aerosol spectrometer. During the study period, daily PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations ranged from 27.2 to 244.96, 8.4 to 77.9, and 6.5 to 56.8 μg/m3 in urban sites, and 22.8 to 286.4, 6 to 41.1, and 2.1 to 20.2 μg/m3 in rural parts, respectively. Particularly, both daily WHO limits for outdoor PM10 (50.0 μg/m3) and PM2.5 (25.0 μg/m3) exceeded in 95% and 83% of the outdoor measurements in winter and 82% and 58% in total sampled days in urban site, respectively. The 24-h average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations also exceeded by 59% and 18% in winter and by 36% and 14% of all sampling days in rural site, respectively. During the dust storm, the 24-h average PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations were, respectively 4.7, 2, and 1.96 times higher than those in urban site and 2, 1.7, and 1.3 times more than those in rural site in all sampled days. |
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Title: The experimental data of investigating the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles technology under ultraviolet radiation (UV/ZnO) to remove Acid – 32 – Cyanine 5R from aqueous solutions Author(s): Abstract: The aim of this data was to evaluate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles plus ultraviolet radiation (UV/ZnO) technology to remove Acid – 32 – Cyanine 5R. The effect of optimal parameters including initial pH (5,10), contact time (2–20 min), initial dye concentration (0.5–2 mg/L), and zinc oxide dosage (0.1 and 0.2 g/L) was investigated. The data showed that under alkaline conditions (pH = 10) and 0.2 g/L of ZnO nanoparticles, the maximum dye removal efficiency was observed under UV/ZnO process conditions. Furthermore, with the increase in Acid – 32 – Cyanine 5R dye concentration, the removal efficiency of the dye diminished, while with prolongation of the radiation time, the removal efficiency increased. In the presence of ultraviolet radiation, there is a need to longer time and higher radiation intensity for complete removal of the dye. However, in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles alone, around 5–10% of the dye is removed. The highest removal efficiency of Acid – 32 dye was through radiation by ultraviolet lamp 150 W at an initial dye concentration of 1 mg/L, in pH 5 and 10, respectively, at 98.5% and 99% respectively. On the other hand, through hybrid use of UV/ZnO, within a shorter time, complete removal (100%) is achieved. Generally, use of UV/ZnO process can be utilized as a suitable method for dye wastewaters treatment. |
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Title: Setting research priorities to achieve long-term health targets in Iran. Author(s): Mansoori P, Majdzadeh R, Abdi Z, Rudan I, Chan KY; Iranian CHNRI Health Research Priority Setting Group, Aarabi M, Ahmadnezhad E, Ahmadnia S, Akhondzadeh S, Azin A, Azizi F, Dehnavieh R, Eini-Zinab H, Farzadfar F, Farzaei MH, Ghanei M, Haghdoost A, Hantoushzadeh S, Heydari G, Joulaei H, Kalantari N, Kelishadi R, Khosravi A, Larijani B, Mahvi AH, Bavani ARM, Mesdaghinia A, Mokri A, Montazeri A, Mostafavi E, Motevalian SA, Naddafi K, Nikfar S, Nojoumi SA, Noroozian M, Olyaeemanesh A, Omidvar N, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Pourmalek F, Rahimi R, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rashidian A, Razaghi E, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Zalani GS, Soori H, Tabrizi JS, Vedadhir A, Yazdizadeh B, Yunesian M, Zare M. Abstract: Background: In 2015, it was estimated that the burden of disease in Iran comprised of 19 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 74% of which were due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The observed leading causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (41.9%), neoplasms (14.9%), and road traffic injuries (7.4%). Even so, the health research investment in Iran continues to remain limited. This study aims to identify national health research priorities in Iran for the next five years to assist the efficient use of resources towards achieving the long-term health targets. |
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Title: Adsorptive removal of noxious cadmium from aqueous solutions using poly urea-formaldehyde: A novel polymer adsorbent Author(s): Abstract: Cadmium is a heavy metal toxic that enters water resources through industrial, household, agricultural waste and non-sanitary landfill of urban and industrial wastes. Pollution of water resources by cadmium increases incidence of diseases including Itai-Itai, kidney disorders, cancer, chromosome effects and kidney tubular damages in low exposures. The aim of this study is to study the efficiency of a new poly urea-formaldehyde adsorbent in the removal cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of different variables such as initial pH, contact time, initial concentration of cadmium and test of real wastewater samples were evaluated. In addition, laboratory data of cadmium adsorption by urea-formaldehyde adsorbent were matched to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The results of the study showed that maximum adsorption capacity obtained by Langmuir model was 76.3 mg/g at pH = 5.5. Laboratory adsorption data matched mostly by Freundlich isotherm model (R² =0.999) which indicates that adsorption of cadmium ions on heterogenic surfaces of poly urea-formaldehyde happens by chemical adsorption mechanism. Generally, the results of the study showed that new poly urea-formaldehyde adsorbent can be efficiently used to remove highly concentrated cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. |
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Title: Investigating the quality and quantity of effluent in wastewater treatment plants of Iran: A case study of Tehran Author(s): Abstract: Control and monitoring of water sources from different types of contaminants especially collection and proper wastewater discharge is very important, in Iran which is considered as one of the dry regions in the world. Undesired quality of wastewater treatment plant’s (WWTPs) effluent causes many environmental problems. In this research the parameters of Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids, Potential of Hydrogen, Mixed liquor suspended solids, Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids, Sludge volume index, and temperature are examined based on the book of Standard Methods. The results of analyzing the above parameters which are related to eight WWTPs effluent out flow in Tehran, were analyzed by SPSS and Excel soft wares. The achieved data were compared to the standards of Iran’s Environmental protection agency. The results has shown that the parameters of Potential of Hydrogen, Chemical oxygen demand, Biochemical oxygen demand, and Total suspended solids of WWTPs effluent in Tehran are in accordance with standards of Environmental protection agency which are respectively 97.5%, 95.8%, 96.1%, 68.8%. WWTPs of C has also the best operation among other WWTPs. In this study, due to ethical considerations, the name of the WWTPs is not mentioned. The names of the WWTPs are marked with A–H. |
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Title: Impact of Drinking Water Fluoride on Human Thyroid Hormones: A Case- Control Study. Author(s): Kheradpisheh Z, Mirzaei M, Mahvi AH, Mokhtari M, Azizi R, Fallahzadeh H, Ehrampoush MH Abstract: The elevated fluoride from drinking water impacts on T3, T4 and TSH hormones. The aim was study impacts of drinking water fluoride on T3, T4 and TSH hormones inYGA (Yazd Greater Area). In this case- control study 198 cases and 213 controls were selected. Fluoride was determined by the SPADNS Colorimetric Method. T3, T4 and TSH hormones tested in the Yazd central laboratory by RIA (Radio Immuno Assay) method. The average amount of TSH and T3 hormones based on the levels of fluoride in two concentration levels 0-0.29 and 0.3-0.5 (mg/L) was statistically significant (P = 0.001 for controls and P = 0.001 for cases). In multivariate regression logistic analysis, independent variable associated with Hypothyroidism were: gender (odds ratio: 2.5, CI 95%: 1.6-3.9), family history of thyroid disease (odds ratio: 2.7, CI 95%: 1.6-4.6), exercise (odds ratio: 5.34, CI 95%: 3.2-9), Diabetes (odds ratio: 3.7, CI 95%: 1.7-8), Hypertension (odds ratio: 3.2, CI 95%: 1.3-8.2), water consumption (odds ratio: 4, CI 95%: 1.2-14). It was found that fluoride has impacts on TSH, T3 hormones even in the standard concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L. Application of standard household water purification devices was recommended for hypothyroidism. |